TY - Generic T1 - Estimating snow transport from wind speed records: estimates versus measurements at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska T2 - 58th Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1990 A1 - Tabler, R.D. A1 - Benson, C.S. A1 - Santana, B.W. A1 - Ganguly, P. KW - Blowing snow, Snow fences, Snow transport, Snowdrifts, Wind speed AB - A process-based model for wind-transported snow developed by Pomeroy (1988) has been used to derive an equation relating total snow transport in the first 5 m above the surface, q(sub0-5) (kg/m.s), to 10-m wind speed, u(sub10) m/s:q(sub0-5)=u(sub10)exp4.04/458800This equation is valid for u(sub10) >or= 6.5 m/s when snow supply is unlimited. A four-year comparison at Prudhoe Bay showed that snow transport estimated by this relationship compared favorably with measured snow accumulation at tall snow fences when basic requirements for snow conditions and wind data were satisfied. Analysis of historical wind records at Prudhoe Bay for 1968-1989 provided estimates for snow transport. JF - 58th Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 58th Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Sacramento, California UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1990Tabler.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Estimating dates of the snow accumulation season T2 - 56th Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1988 A1 - Tabler, R.D. KW - Air temperatures, Precipitation, Snow accumulation, Snow transport AB - It is often necessary to estimate the average snow accumulation season, defined as extending from the first persistent snowfall to the time of peak water-equivalent, as a first step in estimating average winter precipitation. The snow accumulation season is shown to be delimited by dates when air temperatures reach 0 degrees C, as computed from mean monthly temperatures. For locations lacking climatological records, estimates can be derived from multiple regressions relating 0 degrees C dates at surrounding stations to elevation, latitude, and longitude. Regression equations are presented for all states in the snow belt, and a general equation indicates that dates of the snow accumulation season vary at the average rate of 2.5 days per 100 meters of altitude, 5.5 days per degree of latitude, and 1 day per degree of longitude, earlier northward, eastward, and upward in the fall, and the reverse in the spring. JF - 56th Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 56th Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Kalispell, Montana UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1988Tabler.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Slide rule for snow fence design T2 - 55th Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1987 A1 - Tabler, R.D. KW - Blowing snow, Snow fences, Snow transport, Snowdrifts AB - A method for determining required height and number of rows of snow fences has been used for more than 10 years to design effective snow fence systems for controlling drifts and augmenting water supplies. Because the procedure involves complex equations that are difficult for the typical user to solve, a simple pocket-sized slide rule has been developed that allows required fence height to be quickly determined from input values for fetch (contributing distance) and precipitation. Other design criteria included on the slide rule include required spacing of fences from the area to be protected, snow storage capacity, and required number of rows of 4.5- and 9-ft fences. The paper explains the basis for all calculations and simplifying assumptions, and includes drawings of the scales needed to fabricate the slide rule. JF - 55th Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 55th Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Vancouver, British Columbia UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1987Tabler.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Frequency distribution of annual peak water-equivalent on Wyoming snow courses T2 - 50th Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1982 A1 - Tabler, R.D. KW - Frequency analysis, Snow courses, Snow surveys, Snowpack water equivalent, Wyoming AB - An empirical sample frequency distribution of annual peak water equivalent, W, expressed relative to the station mean, W(bar), was determined for all Wyoming snow courses having 30 or more years of records. Because tests supported the hypothesis of homogeneous variance amoung location and elevation cases, a composite distribution was derived that provides a reasonable approximation for all snow courses in the State. The modular co-efficient, W/W(bar), is approximately normally distributed, with mean 1.0 and variance 0.088. A table of exceedance probabilities is provided to facilitate application. JF - 50th Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 50th Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Reno, Nevada UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1982Tabler.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Studying snowdrifting problems with small-scale models outdoors T2 - 48th Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1980 A1 - Tabler, R.D. A1 - Jairell, R.L. KW - Blowing snow, Model studies, Snow control, Snow deposition, Snow fences, Snow management, Snowdrifts AB - Drifts formed by snow fences are geometrically scaled in proportion to fence height. This observation led us to try using small scale models outdoors (on lake ice) to study snow deposition and erosion, thereby circumventing many of the well-known problems associated with simulating blowing snow in wind tunnels and water flumes. This paper briefly summarizes the theory of natural scaling and presents examples of successful outdoor modeling of snowdrifts formed by topographic features, guard rails, buildings, surface roughness, and snow fences on modeled terrain. Practical aspects of outdoor modeling are discussed, including advantages and disadvantages, site selection and preparation, selection of model scale, methods of model construction, weather requirements, and measuring techniques. JF - 48th Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 48th Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Laramie, Wyoming UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1980Tabler.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Predicting profiles of snowdrifts in topographic catchments T2 - 43rd Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1975 A1 - Tabler, R.D. KW - Drifting snow, Snow fence AB - A regression model was developed that requires only terrain data to estimate snowdrift profiles. Results from sites in Wyoming and Colorado show drift slopes to be influenced by the terrain from 45 m (150 ft) upwind to an equal distance downwind of the catchment lip. Observed drift profiles are closely duplicated when the regression equation is used to predict the slope of successive profile increments. Results are compared to those of Finney's wind tunnel experiments.The Wyoming Highway Department is presently making this analysis a part of their earthwork computer program to help design drift-free roads. Among many other possible applications is the development of criteria for reshaping strip-mined terrain to maximize on-site retention of snowfall and regulate its areal distribution. A progam listing is given for the Hewlett-Packard 9820A calculator and 9862A plotter. JF - 43rd Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Coronado, California UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1975Tabler.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Evaporation losses of windblown snow, and the potential for recovery T2 - 41st Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1973 A1 - Tabler, R.D. KW - Snow fence, Snow transport distance, Sublimation AB - Paper demonstrates potential of snow fences to increase storage on wind swept areas. Rm (Transport distance) is defined and used in various snow storage formulas. Rm was found to be about 4000 feet at sites between 7000 and 8000 feet in elevation before the wind completely sublimates the snowflake. JF - 41st Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 41st Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Grand Junction, Colorado UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1973Tabler.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Design of a watershed snow fence system, and first-year snow accumulation T2 - 39th Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1971 A1 - Tabler, R.D. KW - Snow cover accumulation, Snow fences, Water management AB - Inducing snow accumulation with fences in areas with insufficient natural barriers can materially increase total snow storage by reducing sublimative losses and by diverting snow that would be transported further downwind.This paper describes the approach used to design a snow fence treatment for an experimental watershed to test the feasibility of this form of snowpack management. A method is presented for estimating the total amount of snow available to a fence.After 9 years of pretreatment measurements, a 12-1/2 ft. fence 1300 ft. long was built on a 111-acre watershed. Peak snowpack water equivalent on the watershed the first winter after treatment was about 70% greater than predicted without the fence. JF - 39th Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 39th Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Billings, Montana UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1971Tabler.pdf ER -