TY - Generic T1 - History of snow surveying in the west T2 - 27th Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 1959 A1 - Stafford, H.M. KW - History, Snow surveys AB - A chronological history of snow surveying as originated by Dr. James E. Church Jr. at the University of Nevada is outlined. This work began in 1906 with the measurement of high mountain temperatures and other climatological factors on Mount Rose, Nevada, with the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station cooperation. The development of new instruments for measuring the snow water equivalent (water content) of the snowpack in 1909 is described. A description of the application of snow water content to water supply forecasting is presented. A resume of the importance of water supply forecasting to irrigation in the West and hydroelectric power development, reservoir regulation, flood control and water management is presented. A discussion by William A. Lang points out interesting historical details of organization and instrument development. Additional historical notations are mentioned by Walter Hopkins. JF - 27th Annual Western Snow Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 27th Annual Western Snow Conference PB - Western Snow Conference CY - Reno, Nevada UR - sites/westernsnowconference.org/PDFs/1959Stafford.pdf ER - TY - Generic T1 - Difference in basin characteristics as reflected by precipitation runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages T2 - 12th Annual Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference Y1 - 1944 A1 - Stafford, H.M. A1 - Troxell, H.C. KW - Basin characteristics, Precipitation-runoff AB - A procedure is presented to show the relation of precipitation to runoff. When the relations are completed for one particular basin and characteristics of that basin are known, these relations cannot be use or applied to another basin. Each basin appears to be a law unto itself, although procedures can be duplicated. The relations and characteristics are found to be significantly different. In this study, five basins in the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains of Southern California are analyzed. Data are shown and the various factors are described in the text. Graphical representations are included to show the relationships.Discussions are included by R. L. Wing and C. B. Meyer. JF - 12th Annual Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 12th Annual Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference PB - American Geophysical Union, Transactions, Part I: CY - Berkeley, California ER - TY - Generic T1 - Progress and conduct of California cooperative snow surveys T2 - 1st Annual Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference Y1 - 1933 A1 - Stafford, H.M. KW - Financing snow surveys, History-snow surveys, Water supply forecasting AB -

A brief history of snow surveying in California and the legislative action creating the California Cooperative Snow Survey Program is presented. Details of financing the initial program is discussed along with cooperation arrangements of Federal, State, private irrigation and power companies, municipal water departments are discussed. Field procedures and equipment used together with instruction methods and procedures of stocking shelter cabins are discusses. A list of cooperators who are servicing some 134 snow survey courses is shown. Water Supply Forecasting procedures are described using tentative normals of snow data for the percentage or index methods are discussed. A tabulation of forecast accuracy is shown. Procedures for publication and disseminating current data are explained. A discussion of problem areas and river basins is included.

JF - 1st Annual Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference T3 - Proceedings of the 1st Annual Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference PB - University of Nevada, Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin CY - Reno, Nevada ER -