TY - Generic T1 - How the Reversal of the Magnetic Field of the Sun Modulates Snowfall in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range of the Western United States T2 - 87th Annual Western Snow Conference Y1 - 2019 A1 - John A. Kleppe A1 - Daniel S. Brothers KW - El Nino KW - Snow water equivalent KW - solar magnetic reversal AB -

We have shown in previous papers the major driving forces of winter precipitation, in the form of snow, in the Sierra, Cascade, and Rocky mountain ranges are the reversal of the sun's magnetic field and a statisticallyindependent "carrier" signal being generated by the Earth's large-scale atmospheric circulation parameters. In this paper we present the mechanism by which our proposed Sun-Earth magnetic carrier suppressed amplitude modulation system modulates the formation of the Sierra snowpack resulting in the generation of signals detected in the SWE records. We show how solar magnetic activity affects atmospheric circulation in the western tropical Pacific including the connections, between the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, the Walker circulation, and the resulting variability in the lower thermosphere. A combined solar and geomagnetic index for thermospheric climate is used along with wavelet analysis to explain how the reversal of the sun's magnetic field modulates the Sierra mountain snowpack. The results of this work will provide a very useful basis for studying drought patterns related to the magnetic activity of the sun.

JF - 87th Annual Western Snow Conference CY - Reno, NV UR - /files/PDFs/2019Kleppe.pdf ER -