Rime ice and snow capping on high altitude precipitation gages

Shielded storage precipitation gages are shown difficult to operate efficiently in areas where snow storms occur at moderate temperatures (about 35 to 25ºF) with little or no wind. such conditions cause the snow to cling to metal and cap the gage orifice, no matter how large or small: also efficient operation is hampered by formation of rime ice on metal when exposed in a windy location at critical temperatures, especially in cloud covered areas. A heating element in the orifice of the gage to overcome these conditions is described and delineated in drawings. Experimental data with this heated orifice gage is exhibited covering a period 1951 through 1957. A discussion of experimental data is included with recommendations and cost data of gage and pertinent equipment.